Specialty Crop Operations Most Vulnerable to Labor Shortages

WASHINGTON, DC – Some types of farms rely more on on-farm labor than others. According to data from USDA’s Agricultural Resources Management Survey, hired farm labor accounted for 13 percent, on average, of the total input costs used in agricultural production in 2018 (trailing only expenditures on fertilizer and chemicals). Specialty crop farms (fruits, vegetables, and nursery crops) had the highest share of labor costs to total cash expenses at 39 percent. This made specialty crop farms more vulnerable to labor shortages or wage shocks. The share of labor costs to total cash expenses for specialty crop farms was more than three times higher than the average for all farms. Dairy farms had the second-highest share of labor costs at 14 percent, with large dairy farms mainly relying on hired labor. In contrast, corn and soybean farms rely mostly on the unpaid operator and family labor, so paid labor accounted for less than 4 percent of total cash expenses in 2018.
(SOURCE: Economic Research Service)